Thursday, June 17, 2010

PLATO: Dialogues of Plato - The Republic



DIALOGUES OF PLATO – The Republic

QUOTES FOR DISCUSSION


Book 6

The true lover of learning then must from his earliest youth, as far as in him lies, desire all truth?
… He whose desires are strong in one direction will have them weaker in others; they will be like a stream which has been drawn off into another channel.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 374

Philosophical minds:
always love knowledge …
truthfulness … the will never intentionally receive … falsehood … from earliest youth desires all truth … absorbed in pleasure of the soul, and will hardly feel bodily pleasures …
temperate and the reverse …
no secret corner of illiberality …
whether a man is just and gentle or rude or unsociable; these are the signs which distinguish even in youth the philosophical nature from the unphilosophical.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 374

Pleasure in learning; for no one will love that which gives him pain and in which after much toil he makes little progress.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 374-5

The philosopher should have a good memory
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 375

Try to find a naturally well-proportioned and gracious mind, which will move spontaneously towards the true being of everything … And to men like him, I said, … when perfected by years of education and to these only you will entrust the state.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 375

…but when you talk in this way, a strange feeling passes over the minds of your hearers; They fancy that they are led astray a little at each step in the argument, owing to their own want of skill in asking and answering questions; these littles accumulate , and at the end of the discussion that are found to have sustained a mighty overthrow and all their former motions appear to be turned upside down … for they have nothing to say in this new game of which words are the counters…
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 375


Will he not hate a lie?
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 375

… why so many are spoiled and so few escape spoiling – I am speaking of those who were said to be useless, but not wicked – and, when we have done with them, we will speak of the imitators of philosophy, what manner of men are they who aspire after a profession which is above them, by their manifold inconsistencies,
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 377

… the most gifted minds, when they are ill –educated become pre-eminently bad? Do not great crimes and the spirit of pure evil spring out of a fulness of nature ruined by education rather than from any inferiority, whereas weak natures are scarcely capable of any very great good or very great evil?
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 377

Book 7
Allegory

I said, here they have been since childhood … legs and necks chained so they cannot move … above and behind them a fire blazing … like ourselves … they see only their own shadows, or the shadows of one another …
He said: how could the see anything but the shadows if they were never allowed to move their heads?
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 388

At first, when any of them is liberated and compelled suddenly to stand up and turn his neck round and walk and look towards the light, he will suffer sharp pains; the glare will distress him…
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 388

But then if I am right, certain professors of education must be wrong when they say that they can put a knowledge into the soul which was not there before… and capacity of learning exists in the soul already; and that just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only be the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being and learn by degrees to endure the sight of being and of the brightest and best of being or in other words of the good.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 390

I mean that they remain in the upper world; but this must not be allowed; they must be made to descend again among the prisoners in the den, and partake of their labours and honours, whether they are worth having or not.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 390


… the turning round of a soul passing from … ascent from below, which we affirm to be true philosophy … And should we not enquire what sort of knowledge has the power of effecting such a change?
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 391


A something which all arts and sciences and intelligences use in common and which everyone first has to learn among the elements of education: numbers and calculation.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 392

…arithmetic has a very great and elevating effect, compelling the soul to reason about abstract number and rebelling against the introduction of visible or tangible objects into the argument.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 393

…those that have a natural talent for calculation are generally quick at every other kind of knowledge; and even the dull, if they have had an arithmetical training, although they may derive no other advantage from it, always become much quicker than they otherwise would have been.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 394

… geometry will draw the soul towards truth and create the spirit of philosophy.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 394

After plane geometry, I said, we proceeded at once to solids in revolution [he’s talking about astronomy]
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 395

I have hardly every known a mathematician who was capable of reasoning.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 397

Further, he of whom we are in search should have a good memory, and be an unwearied solid man who is a lover of labour in any line; or he will never be able to endure the great amount of bodily exercise and to go through all the intellectual discipline and study which we require of him.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 398

Do you remember that the children, too, were to be taken to see the battle on horseback; and that if there were no danger they were to be brought close up and, like young hounds, have a taste of blood given them?
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 399

The same practice may be followed, I said, in all these things – labours lessons, dangers – and he who is most at home in all of them ought to be enrolled in a select number.
At what age?
At the age when the necessary gymnastics are over: the period whether of two or three years which passes in this sort of training is useless for any other purpose; … After that time those who are selected from the class of twenty years old will be promoted to higher honour, and the sciences which they learned without any order in their early education will now be brought together, and they will be able to see the natural relationship of them to one another to true being.
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 399

… you know that there are certain principles about justice and honour, which were taught us in childhood, and under their parental authority we have been brought up obeying and honouring them
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic, Great Books Volume 7, pg. 400


Vocabulary
Plato, The Dialogues of Plato, The Republic
Great Books Volume 7

Illiberality, pg. 374 –
lacking of liberal education or training, without culture, narrow minded, miserly-stinginess

Arrant pg. 376
Out and out unmitigated, notorious, as an arrant fool.
Unmitigated – not lessened or eased, unmitigated suffering; clear and absolute, as unmitigated villain

Rogue, pg. 376
Formerly a vagabond, a scoundrel, a fun-loving, mischievous person, an animal that wanders apart from the heard and is fierce and wild, to cheat, to lie or act like a rogue.

Ignorble, pg. 386
One who ignores (new ideas, thoughts, concepts)
Ignore – to disregard deliberately, pay no attention to, refuse to consider




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