Wednesday, February 8, 2012

DICKENS, Charles - Great Expectations


Great Expectations
by
Charles Dickens


QUOTES FOR 

DISCUSSION


Chapter 2

BROUGHT UP BY HAND
My sister, Mrs. Joe Gargery, was more than twenty years older than I, and had established a great reputation with herself and the neighbours because she had brought me up "by hand." Having at that time to find out for myself what the expression meant, and knowing her to have a hard and heavy hand, and to be much in the habit of laying it upon her husband as well as upon me, I supposed that Joe Gargery and I were both brought up by hand.
- pg. 16

TAR WATER
Some medical beast had revived Tar-water in those days as a fine medicine, and Mrs. Joe always kept a supply of it in the cupboard; having a belief in its virtues correspondent to its nastiness. At the best of times, so much of this elixir was administered to me as a choice restorative, that I was conscious of going about, smelling like a new fence.
-pg. 20

TERROR
Since that time, which is far enough away now, I have often thought that few people know what secrecy there is in the young, under terror. No matter how unreasonable the terror, so that it be terror.
- pg. 22


Chapter 4

COMPANY FOR DINNER
"I an't a-going to have no formal cramming and busting and washing up now, with what I've got before me, I promise you!"
- pg. 30

NICE CLEAN HOUSE
Mrs. Joe was a very clean housekeeper, but had an exquisite art of making her cleanliness more uncomfortable and unacceptable than dirt itself. Cleanliness is next to Godliness, and some people do the same by their religion.
- pg. 30

BE GRATEFUL!
It began the moment we sat down to dinner. Mr. Wopsle said grace with theatrical declamation - as it now appears to me, something like a religious cross of the Ghost in Hamlet with Richard the Third - and ended with the very proper aspiration that we might be truly grateful. Upon which my sister fixed me with her eye, and said, in a low reproachful voice, "Do you hear that? Be grateful."
- pg. 32

OOPS! WRONG BOTTLE
I saw the miserable creature finger his glass playfully, take it up, smile, throw his head back, and drink the brandy off. Instantly afterwards, the company were seized with unspeakable consternation, owing to his springing to his feet, turning round several times in an appalling spasmodic whooping-cough dance, and rushing out at the door; he then became visible through the window, violently plunging and expectorating, making the most hideous faces, and apparently out of his mind.
I held on tight, while Mrs. Joe and Joe ran to him. I didn't know how I had done it, but I had no doubt I had murdered him somehow. In my dreadful situation, it was a relief when he was brought back, and, surveying the company all round as if they had disagreed with him, sank down into his chair with the one significant gasp, "Tar!"
I had filled up the bottle from the tar-water jug. I knew he would be worse by-and-by. I moved the table, like a Medium of the present day, by the vigour of my unseen hold upon it.
"Tar!" cried my sister, in amazement. "Why, how ever could Tar come there?"
- pg. 35


CHAPTER 7

MY FIRST JOB
When I was old enough, I was to be apprenticed to Joe, and until I could assume that dignity I was not to be what Mrs. Joe called "Pompeyed," or (as I render it) pampered. Therefore, I was not only odd-boy about the forge, but if any neighbour happened to want an extra boy to frighten birds, or pick up stones, or do any such job, I was favoured with the employment. In order, however, that our superior position might not be compromised thereby, a money-box was kept on the kitchen mantel-shelf, in to which it was publicly made known that all my earnings were dropped. I have an impression that they were to be contributed eventually towards the liquidation of the National Debt, but I know I had no hope of any personal participation in the treasure.
pg. 49

EDUCATION: READING & WRITING
I struggled through the alphabet as if it had been a bramble-bush; getting considerably worried and scratched by every letter.
-pg. 50

EDUCATION: MATH
After that, I fell among those thieves, the nine figures, who seemed every evening to do something new to disguise themselves and baffle recognition. But, at last I began, in a purblind groping way, to read, write, and cipher, on the very smallest scale.
- pg. 50


ILLITERATE

I had never heard Joe read aloud to any greater extent than this monosyllable, and I had observed at church last Sunday when I accidentally held our Prayer-Book upside down, that it seemed to suit his convenience quite as well as if it had been all right. Wishing to embrace the present occasion of finding out whether in teaching Joe, I should have to begin quite at the beginning, I said, "Ah! But read the rest, Jo."

-pg. 51

WHY SHOULD I BE GRATEFUL?
"if this boy an't grateful this night, he never will be!"
I looked as grateful as any boy possibly could, who was wholly uninformed why he ought to assume that expression.
-pg. 56


Chapter 9

THE CHANGE
I fell asleep recalling what I "used to do" when I was at Miss Havisham's; as though I had been there weeks or months, instead of hours; and as though it were quite an old subject of remembrance, instead of one that had arisen only that day.
That was a memorable day to me, for it made great changes in me. But, it is the same with any life. Imagine one selected day struck out of it, and think how different its course would have been. Pause you who read this, and think for a moment of the long chain of iron or gold, of thorns or flowers, that would never have bound you, but for the formation of the first link on one memorable day. _
-pg. 75


Chapter 12

NO CONTROL OVER SOME THINGS
…one day, Miss Havisham stopped short as she and I were walking, she leaning on my shoulder; and said with some displeasure:
"You are growing tall, Pip!"
I thought it best to hint, through the medium of a meditative look, that this might be occasioned by circumstances over which I had no control. – pg.98


Chapter 13


SUNDAY CLOTHES

_ It was a trial to my feelings, on the next day but one, to see Joe arraying himself in his Sunday clothes to accompany me to Miss Havisham's. However, as he thought his court-suit necessary to the occasion, it was not for me tell him that he looked far better in his working dress; the rather, because I knew he made himself so dreadfully uncomfortable, entirely on my account, and that it was for me he pulled up his shirt-collar so very high behind, that it made the hair on the crown of his head stand up like a tuft of feathers.
-pg. 101



BE SURE TO HAVE FUN
My only other remembrances of the great festival are, That they wouldn't let me go to sleep, but whenever they saw me dropping off, woke me up and told me to enjoy myself.
– pg. 107


CHANGED PERSPECTIVE
Finally, I remember that when I got into my little bedroom I was truly wretched, and had a strong conviction on me that I should never like Joe's trade. I had liked it once, but once was not now.
–pg. 107


Chapter 14

ASHAMED OF HOME
It is a most miserable thing to feel ashamed of home.
– pg. 108

Home had never been a very pleasant place to me, because of my sister's temper. But, Joe had sanctified it, and I had believed in it. I had believed in the best parlour as a most elegant saloon; I had believed in the front door, as a mysterious portal of the Temple of State whose solemn opening was attended with a sacrifice of roast fowls; I had believed in the kitchen as a chaste though not magnificent apartment; I had believed in the forge as the glowing road to manhood and independence. Within a single year, all this was changed. Now, it was all coarse and common, and I would not have had Miss Havisham and Estella see it on any account.
How much of my ungracious condition of mind may have been my own fault, how much Miss Havisham's, how much my sister's, is now of no moment to me or to any one. The change was made in me; the thing was done. Well or ill done, excusably or inexcusably, it was done.
– pg. 108


Chapter 16

ROUND UP THE USUAL SUSPECTS
The Constables, and the Bow Street men from London - for, this happened in the days of the extinct red-waistcoated police - were about the house for a week or two, and did pretty much what I have heard and read of like authorities doing in other such cases. They took up several obviously wrong people, and they ran their heads very hard against wrong ideas, and persisted in trying to fit the circumstances to the ideas, instead of trying to extract ideas from the circumstances.
-pg. 122

WHAT DO YOU MEAN?
Long after these constitutional powers had dispersed, my sister lay very ill in bed. Her sight was disturbed, so that she saw objects multiplied, and grasped at visionary teacups and wine-glasses instead of the realities; her hearing was greatly impaired; her memory also; and her speech was unintelligible. When, at last, she came round so far as to be helped down-stairs, it was still necessary to keep my slate always by her, that she might indicate in writing what she could not indicate in speech. As she was (very bad handwriting apart) a more than indifferent speller, and as Joe was a more than indifferent reader, extraordinary complications arose between them, which I was always called in to solve. The administration of mutton instead of medicine, the substitution of Tea for Joe, and the baker for bacon, were among the mildest of my own mistakes.
-pg. 122


Chapter 17

INTENTIONS
"Do you want to be a gentleman, to spite her or to gain her over?" Biddy quietly asked me, after a pause.
"I don't know," I moodily answered.
"Because, if it is to spite her," Biddy pursued, "I should think - but you know best - that might be better and more independently done by caring nothing for her words. And if it is to gain her over, I should think - but you know best - she was not worth gaining over."-pg. 129

CONFIDENCES
"Biddy," I cried, getting up, putting my arm round her neck, and giving her a kiss, "I shall always tell you everything."
"Till you're a gentleman," said Biddy.
"You know I never shall be, so that's always.
-pg. 129
FALLING IN LOVE
I thought it would be very good for me if I could get her out of my head, with all the rest of those remembrances and fancies, and could go to work determined to relish what I had to do, and stick to it, and make the best of it. I asked myself the question whether I did not surely know that if Estella were beside me at that moment instead of Biddy, she would make me miserable? I was obliged to admit that I did know it for a certainty, and I said to myself, "Pip, what a fool you are!"
We talked a good deal as we walked, and all that Biddy said seemed right. Biddy was never insulting, or capricious, or Biddy to-day and somebody else to-morrow; she would have derived only pain, and no pleasure, from giving me pain; she would far rather have wounded her own breast than mine. How could it be, then, that I did not like her much the better of the two?
"Biddy," said I, when we were walking homeward, "I wish you could put me right."
"I wish I could!" said Biddy.
"If I could only get myself to fall in love with you - you don't mind my speaking so openly to such an old acquaintance?"
"Oh dear, not at all!" said Biddy. "Don't mind me."
"If I could only get myself to do it, that would be the thing for me."
"But you never will, you see," said Biddy.
It did not appear quite so unlikely to me that evening, as it would have done if we had discussed it a few hours before. I therefore observed I was not quite sure of that. But Biddy said she was, and she said it decisively. In my heart I believed her to be right; and yet I took it rather ill, too, that she should be so positive on the point.
-pg. 131


Chapter 18

WHAT ABOUT NOW?
It is considered that you must be better educated, in accordance with your altered position, and that you will be alive to the importance and necessity of at once entering on that advantage."
I said I had always longed for it.
"Never mind what you have always longed for, Mr. Pip," he retorted; "keep to the record. If you long for it now, that's enough. Am I answered that you are ready to be placed at once, under some proper tutor? Is that it?"
-pg. 138

CAN’T CHANGE YOUR MIND
"It was understood that you wanted nothing for yourself, remember?"
"It were understood," said Joe. "And it are understood. And it ever will be similar according."
-pg. 140

PRICELESS
Joe laid his hand upon my shoulder with the touch of a woman. I have often thought him since, like the steam-hammer, that can crush a man or pat an egg-shell, in his combination of strength with gentleness. "Pip is that hearty welcome," said Joe, "to go free with his services, to honour and fortun', as no words can tell him. But if you think as Money can make compensation to me for the loss of the little child - what come to the forge - and ever the best of friends!--"
-pg. 140


Chapter 19

THE POWER OF MONEY
…my first decided experience of the stupendous power of money,…
-pg. 150

WHO, ME?
"Ah!" cried Mr. Pumblechook, leaning back in his chair, quite flaccid with admiration, "that's the way you know 'em, sir!" (I don't know who Sir was, but he certainly was not I, and there was no third person present); "that's the way you know the nobleminded, sir! Ever forgiving and ever affable. It might," said the servile Pumblechook, putting down his untasted glass in a hurry and getting up again, "to a common person, have the appearance of repeating - but may I - ?"
When he had done it, he resumed his seat and drank to my sister. "Let us never be blind," said Mr. Pumblechook, "to her faults of temper, but it is to be hoped she meant well."
-pg. 152

DID YOU REALLY?
We drank all the wine, and Mr. Pumblechook pledged himself over and over again to keep Joseph up to the mark (I don't know what mark), and to render me efficient and constant service (I don't know what service). He also made known to me for the first time in my life, and certainly after having kept his secret wonderfully well, that he had always said of me, "That boy is no common boy, and mark me, his fortun' will be no common fortun'."
-pg. 153

WHERE DOES THE TIME GO?
And now, those six days which were to have run out so slowly, had run out fast and were gone, and to-morrow looked me in the face more steadily than I could look at it.
-pg. 155


Chapter 20

HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO LONDON?
We Britons had at that time particularly settled that it was treasonable to doubt our having and our being the best of everything: otherwise, while I was scared by the immensity of London, I think I might have had some faint doubts whether it was not rather ugly, crooked, narrow, and dirty.
-pg. 158

Of course I had no experience of a London summer day, and my spirits may have been oppressed by the hot exhausted air, and by the dust and grit that lay thick on everything.
-pg. 160

So, I came into Smithfield; and the shameful place, being all asmear with filth and fat and blood and foam, seemed to stick to me. So, I rubbed it off with all possible speed by turning into a street where I saw the great black dome of Saint Paul's bulging at me from behind a grim stone building which a bystander said was Newgate Prison. Following the wall of the jail, I found the roadway covered with straw to deaden the noise of passing vehicles; and from this, and from the quantity of people standing about, smelling strongly of spirits and beer, I inferred that the trials were on.
pg.160

I opened the staircase window and had nearly beheaded myself, for, the lines had rotted away, and it came down like the guillotine. Happily it was so quick that I had not put my head out. After this escape, I was content to take a foggy view of the Inn through the window's encrusting dirt, and to stand dolefully looking out, saying to myself that London was decidedly overrated.
-pg. 168 (chapter 21)


MY TIME IS MORE VALUABLE THAN YOUR TIME
Mr. Jaggers left word would you wait in his room. He couldn't say how long he might be, having a case on. But it stands to reason, his time being valuable, that he won't be longer than he can help.
-pg. 159

FAMILY RESEMBLANCE
I wondered whether the two swollen faces were of Mr. Jaggers's family, and, if he were so unfortunate as to have had a pair of such ill-looking relations, why he stuck them on that dusty perch for the blacks and flies to settle on, instead of giving them a place at home.
-pg. 160





Chapter 20


MY NAME!
"Oh! Amelia, is it?"
-pg. 162

STATION OF LIFE
"Now, be careful. In what station of life is this man?"
Mike looked at his cap, and looked at the floor, and looked at the ceiling, and looked at the clerk, and even looked at me, before beginning to reply in a nervous manner, "We've dressed him up like--" ….
…After some helpless casting about, Mike brightened and began again:
"He is dressed like a 'spectable pieman. A sort of a pastry-cook."-pg. 164


Chapter 21

WHAT IS YOUR CITY LIKE?
You may get cheated, robbed, and murdered, in London. But there are plenty of people anywhere, who'll do that for you.
-pg. 166

TIME IS RELEVANT
Mr. Pocket, Junior's, idea of Shortly was not mine, for I had nearly maddened myself with looking out for half an hour, and had written my name with my finger several times in the dirt of every pane in the window, before I heard footsteps on the stairs.
-pg. 169


Chapter 22

HANDEL
Would you mind Handel for a familiar name? There's a charming piece of music by Handel, called the Harmonious Blacksmith.
-pg. 173

TABLE MANNERS
“…in London it is not the custom to put the knife in the mouth - for fear of accidents - and that while the fork is reserved for that use, it is not put further in than necessary. It is scarcely worth mentioning, only it's as well to do as other people do. Also, the spoon is not generally used over-hand, but under. This has two advantages. You get at your mouth better (which after all is the object), and you save a good deal of the attitude of opening oysters, on the part of the right elbow."
He offered these friendly suggestions in such a lively way, that we both laughed and I scarcely blushed.
-pg. 174

“ -Take another glass of wine, and excuse my mentioning that society as a body does not expect one to be so strictly conscientious in emptying one's glass, as to turn it bottom upwards with the rim on one's nose."
- pg. 175

A TRUE GENTLEMAN
no man who was not a true gentleman at heart, ever was, since the world began, a true gentleman in manner. He says, no varnish can hide the grain of the wood; and that the more varnish you put on, the more the grain will express itself.
-pg. 176

THE MANNER OF CHILDREN
And unless I deceive myself on a point where my interests or prepossessions are certainly not concerned, I saw that Mr. and Mrs. Pocket's children were not growing up or being brought up, but were tumbling up.

"Master Alick and Miss Jane," cried one of the nurses to two of the children, "if you go a-bouncing up against them bushes you'll fall over into the river and be drownded, and what'll your pa say then?"
-pg. 180

This had lasted but a very short time, when Mrs. Pocket issued summary orders that they were all to be taken into the house for a nap. Thus I made the second discovery on that first occasion, that the nurture of the little Pockets consisted of alternately tumbling up and lying down.
-pg. 182


Chapter 23

WHO REALLY RUNS THE HOUSE
Both Mr. and Mrs. Pocket had such a noticeable air of being in somebody else's hands, that I wondered who really was in possession of the house and let them live there, until I found this unknown power to be the servants.
-pg. 184


Chapter 27


DIVISION OF CLASSES
You and me is not two figures to be together in London; nor yet anywheres else but what is private, and beknown, and understood among friends. It ain't that I am proud, but that I want to be right, as you shall never see me no more in these clothes. I'm wrong in these clothes. I'm wrong out of the forge, the kitchen, or off th' meshes. You won't find half so much fault in me if you think of me in my forge dress, with my hammer in my hand, or even my pipe. You won't find half so much fault in me if, supposing as you should ever wish to see me, you come and put your head in at the forge window and see Joe the blacksmith, there, at the old anvil, in the old burnt apron, sticking to the old work. I'm awful dull, but I hope I've beat out something nigh the rights of this at last. And so God bless you, dear old Pip, old chap, GOD bless you!"
-pg. 217


Chapter 29

INTEREST NOT ALWAYS MUTUAL
I, trembling in spirit and worshipping the very hem of her dress; she, quite composed and most decidedly not worshipping the hem of mine.
-pg. 228


Chapter 33

CAN EMOTIONS BE CONTROLLED?
Whatever her tone with me happened to be, I could put no trust in it, and build no hope on it; and yet I went on against trust and against hope. Why repeat it a thousand times? So it always was.
-pg. 258

WHY WOULD ANYONE GIVE THEM THAT?
But, Mrs. Pocket was at home, and was in a little difficulty, on account of the baby's having been accommodated with a needle-case to keep him quiet during the unaccountable absence (with a relative in the Foot Guards) of Millers. And more needles were missing, than it could be regarded as quite wholesome for a patient of such tender years either to apply externally or to take as a tonic.
-pg. 261


Chapter 34


ASHAMED OF BEING ASHAMED OF HOME
I lived in a state of chronic uneasiness respecting my behaviour to Joe. My conscience was not by any means comfortable about Biddy. When I woke up in the night - like Camilla - I used to think, with a weariness on my spirits, that I should have been happier and better if I had never seen Miss Havisham's face, and had risen to manhood content to be partners with Joe in the honest old forge. Many a time of an evening, when I sat alone looking at the fire, I thought, after all, there was no fire like the forge fire and the kitchen fire at home.
-pg. 262

THE EXCLUSIVE CLUB
…we put ourselves down for election into a club called The Finches of the Grove: the object of which institution I have never divined, if it were not that the members should dine expensively once a fortnight, to quarrel among themselves as much as possible after dinner, and to cause six waiters to get drunk on the stairs.
-pg. 263


THE CYCLE
At certain times - meaning at uncertain times, for they depended on our humour - I would say to Herbert, as if it were a remarkable discovery:
"My dear Herbert, we are getting on badly."
"My dear Handel," Herbert would say to me, in all sincerity, if you will believe me, those very words were on my lips, by a strange coincidence."
"Then, Herbert," I would respond, "let us look into out affairs."
We always derived profound satisfaction from making an appointment for this purpose.
-pg. 265


Chapter 35

DEATH IN THE FAMILY
_ It was the first time that a grave had opened in my road of life, and the gap it made in the smooth ground was wonderful. The figure of my sister in her chair by the kitchen fire, haunted me night and day. That the place could possibly be, without her, was something my mind seemed unable to compass; and whereas she had seldom or never been in my thoughts of late, I had now the strangest ideas that she was coming towards me in the street, or that she would presently knock at the door. In my rooms too, with which she had never been at all associated, there was at once the blankness of death and a perpetual suggestion of the sound of her voice or the turn of her face or figure, as if she were still alive and had been often there.
-pg. 268

TIME HEALS WOUNDS
…the times when I was a little helpless creature, and my sister did not spare me, vividly returned. But they returned with a gentle tone upon them that softened even the edge of Tickler.
-pg. 269

SAVED FOR A SPECIAL OCCASION – a funeral
there was a cut-up plum-cake upon it, and there were cut-up oranges, and sandwiches, and biscuits, and two decanters that I knew very well as ornaments, but had never seen used in all my life;
-pg. 270

SOCIAL CUSTOM
Joe whispered me, as we were being what Mr. Trabb called "formed" in the parlour, two and two - and it was dreadfully like a preparation for some grim kind of dance; "which I meantersay, sir, as I would in preference have carried her to the church myself, along with three or four friendly ones wot come to it with willing harts and arms, but it were considered wot the neighbours would look down on such and would be of opinions as it were wanting in respect."
-pg. 270

JOE HASN’T CHANGED
…and she told me how Joe loved me, and how Joe never complained of anything - she didn't say, of me; she had no need; I knew what she meant - but ever did his duty in his way of life, with a strong hand, a quiet tongue, and a gentle heart.
-pg. 273


Chapter 36


GIVING MONEY TO A FRIEND
"Choose your bridge, Mr. Pip," returned Wemmick, "and take a walk upon your bridge, and pitch your money into the Thames over the centre arch of your bridge, and you know the end of it. Serve a friend with it, and you may know the end of it too - but it's a less pleasant and profitable end."
-pg. 280


Chapter 37

TOTALLY UNAWARE
The Aged's reading reminded me of the classes at Mr. Wopsle's great-aunt's, with the pleasanter peculiarity that it seemed to come through a keyhole. As he wanted the candles close to him, and as he was always on the verge of putting either his head or the newspaper into them, he required as much watching as a powder-mill. But Wemmick was equally untiring and gentle in his vigilance, and the Aged read on, quite unconscious of his many rescues.
-pg. 286


Chapter 39

THAT YOU MIGHT BE A GENTLEMAN
"Yes, Pip, dear boy, I've made a gentleman on you! It's me wot has done it! I swore that time, sure as ever I earned a guinea, that guinea should go to you. I swore arterwards, sure as ever I spec'lated and got rich, you should get rich. I lived rough, that you should live smooth; I worked hard, that you should be above work. What odds, dear boy? Do I tell it, fur you to feel a obligation? Not a bit. I tell it, fur you to know as that there hunted dunghill dog wot you kep life in, got his head so high that he could make a gentleman - and, Pip, you're him!"
-pg. 307

The blood horses of them colonists might fling up the dust over me as I was walking; what do I say? I says to myself, 'I'm making a better gentleman nor ever you'll be!'
-pg. 308

This way I kep myself a-going. And this way I held steady afore my mind that I would for certain come one day and see my boy, and make myself known to him, on his own ground."
-pg. 309


Chapter 40

NOT ALWAYS AS IT LOOKS
"I am not so unreasonable, sir, as to think you at all responsible for my mistakes and wrong conclusions; but I always supposed it was Miss Havisham."
"As you say, Pip," returned Mr. Jaggers, turning his eyes upon me coolly, and taking a bite at his forefinger, "I am not at all responsible for that."
"And yet it looked so like it, sir," I pleaded with a downcast heart.
"Not a particle of evidence, Pip," said Mr. Jaggers, shaking his head and gathering up his skirts. "Take nothing on its looks; take everything on evidence. There's no better rule."
-pg. 320


Chapter 47

ON MY GUARD
For, if he had ever been out of my thoughts for a few moments together since the hiding had begun, it was in those very moments when he was closest to me; and to think that I should be so unconscious and off my guard after all my care, was as if I had shut an avenue of a hundred doors to keep him out, and then had found him at my elbow. I could not doubt either that he was there, because I was there, and that however slight an appearance of danger there might be about us, danger was always near and active.
-pg. 367


Chapter 48


DON’T SHOW EMOTION AT THE OFFICE
Although I should not have thought of making, in that place, the most distant reference by so much as a look to Wemmick's Walworth sentiments, yet I should have had no objection to catching his eye now and then in a friendly way. But it was not to be done. He turned his eyes on Mr. Jaggers whenever he raised them from the table, and was as dry and distant to me as if there were twin Wemmicks and this was the wrong one.
-pg. 370


Chapter 49


NOT ALWAYS AS IT LOOKS
"My name is on the first leaf. If you can ever write under my name, "I forgive her," though ever so long after my broken heart is dust - pray do it!"
"O Miss Havisham," said I, "I can do it now. There have been sore mistakes; and my life has been a blind and thankless one; and I want forgiveness and direction far too much, to be bitter with you."
-pg. 379


FIRE
…and I saw her seated in the ragged chair upon the hearth close to the fire, with her back towards me. In the moment when I was withdrawing my head to go quietly away, I saw a great flaming light spring up. …
… I dragged the great cloth from the table for the same purpose, and with it dragged down the heap of rottenness in the midst, and all the ugly things that sheltered there; that we were on the ground struggling like desperate enemies, and that the closer I covered her, the more wildly she shrieked and tried to free herself; that this occurred I knew through the result, but not through anything I felt, or thought, or knew I did. I knew nothing until I knew that we were on the floor by the great table, and that patches of tinder yet alight were floating in the smoky air, which, a moment ago, had been her faded bridal dress.
-pg.382


Chapter 50

PAIN OF THE MIND
At first, as I lay quiet on the sofa, I found it painfully difficult, I might say impossible, to get rid of the impression of the glare of the flames, their hurry and noise, and the fierce burning smell. If I dozed for a minute, I was awakened by Miss Havisham's cries, and by her running at me with all that height of fire above her head. This pain of the mind was much harder to strive against than any bodily pain I suffered; and Herbert, seeing that, did his utmost to hold my attention engaged.
-pg. 385


Chapter 53

MISREMEMBERED AT DEATH
Estella's father would believe I had deserted him, would be taken, would die accusing me; even Herbert would doubt me, when he compared the letter I had left for him, with the fact that I had called at Miss Havisham's gate for only a moment; Joe and Biddy would never know how sorry I had been that night; none would ever know what I had suffered, how true I had meant to be, what an agony I had passed through. The death close before me was terrible, but far more terrible than death was the dread of being misremembered after death. And so quick were my thoughts, that I saw myself despised by unborn generations
-pg. 404



Chapter 58


DON’T TELL HIM
Don't tell him, Joe, that I was thankless; don't tell him, Biddy, that I was ungenerous and unjust; only tell him that I honoured you both, because you were both so good and true, and that, as your child, I said it would be natural to him to grow up a much better man than I did."
-pg. 452

HONEST WORK
I must not leave it to be supposed that we were ever a great house, or that we made mints of money. We were not in a grand way of business, but we had a good name, and worked for our profits, and did very well.
-pg. 453

REFLECTIONS OF SELF
I often wondered how I had conceived that old idea of his inaptitude, until I was one day enlightened by the reflection, that perhaps the inaptitude had never been in him at all, but had been in me. _
-pg. 453

Monday, April 18, 2011

FIELDING, Tom - The History of Tom Jones



The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

by Henry Fielding
From the Biographical Note:
1707 - 1754
Fielding left Eton when he was eighteen and for a year or more appears to have roamed about accompanied by a valet.

Within five year he turned out some fifteen plays in every kind of comic vein. They brought him a lively fame; one of them, Tom Thumb, won renown for having made Swift laugh for the second time in his life.

At the age of thirty and with a family dependent upon him, Fielding enrolled as a law student in the Middle Temple. His application to study was so unusual that he was called to the Bar in less than half the ordinary period of probation.



QUOTES FOR DISCUSSION

… it hath been usual with the honest and well-meaning host to provide a bill of fare which all persons may peruse at their first entrance into the house; and having thence acquainted themselves with the entertainment which they may except, may either stay and regale with that what is provide for them, or may depart to some other ordinary better accommodated to their taste.
… we have condescended to take a hint from these honest victuallers, and shall prefix not only a general bill of faire to our whole entertainment, but shall likewise give the reading particularly bills to every course which is to be served up in this and the ensuing volumes.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 1, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 1

An objection may perhaps be apprehended from the more delicate, that his dish is too common and vulgar; for what else is the subject of all the romances, novels, plays, and poems, with which the stalls abound?
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 1, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 1

Where, then lies the difference between the food of the nobleman and the porter if both are at dinner on the same ox or calf, but in the seasoning, the dressing the garnishing, and the setting forth? Hence the one provokes and incites the most languid appetite and the other turns and palls that which is the sharpest and keenest.
In like manner, the excellence of the mental entertainment consists less in the subject than in the author’s skill in well dressing it up. How pleased, therefore, will the reader be to find that we have, in the following work, adhered closely to one of the highest principles of the best cook which the present age or perhaps that of Heliogabalus, hath produced.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 1, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 1

… for he sometimes said he looked on himself as still married, and considered his wife as only gone a little before him a journey which he should most certainly, sooner or later, take after her; and that he had not the least doubt of meeting her again in a place where he should never part with her more - sentiments for which his sense was arraigned by one part of his neighbours, his religion by a second, and his sincerity by a third.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 2, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 2

This lady was now somewhat past the age of thirty, an aera at which in the opinion of the malicious the title of old maid may with no impropriety be assumed.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 2, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 2

... it will be concluded by many that he lived like an honest man, owed no one a shilling, took nothing but what was his own, kept a good house, entertained his neighbours with a hearty welcome at his table and was charitable to the poor, i.e., to those who had rather beg than work, buy giving them the offals from it; that he died immensely rich and built a hospital.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 3, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 3

She had indeed given her master sufficient time to dress himself; for out of respect to him and regard to decency, she had spent many minutes in adjusting her hair at the looking-glass notwithstanding all the burry in which she had been summoned by the servant, and though her master, for aught she knew lay expiring in an apoplexy, or in some other fit.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 3, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 3

...and it is, perhaps better for such creatures to die in a state of innocence, than to grow up and imitate their mothers; for nothing better can be expected of them.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 3, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 4

He likewise ordered that proper clothes should be brought to himself as soon as he was stirring.
Such was the discernment of Mrs. Wilkins, and such the respect she bore her master under whom she enjoyed a most excellent place that her scruples gave way to his peremptory commands; and she took the child under her arms without any apparent disgust at the illegality of its birth; and declaring it was a sweet little infant, walked off and it to her own chamber.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 3, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 4


Indeed he very often made her such presents; and she, in complacence to him spent much time in adorning herself. I say in complacence to him because she always expressed the greatest contempt for dress and for those ladies who made it their study.

Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 4, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 5

Miss Bridget had always exprest so great a regard for what the ladies are pleased to call virtue, and had herself maintained such a severity of character, that it was expected, especially by Wilkins, that she would have vented much bitterness on this occasion, and would have voted for sending the child, as a kind of noxious animal, immediately out of the house; but, on the contrary, she rather took the good-natured side of the question, intimated some compassion for the helpless little creature, and commended her brother’s charity in what he had done.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 4, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 5

This Jenny Jones was no very comely girl, either in her face or person; but nature had somewhat compensated the want of beautify with what is generally more esteemed by those ladies whose judgment is arrived at years of perfect maturity, for she ahd given her a very uncommon share of understanding. This gift Jenny had a good deal improved by erudition. She had lived several years a servant with a schoolmaster, who, discovering a great quickness of parts in the girl, and an extraordinary desire of learning – for every leisure house she was always found reading in the books of the scholars – had the good nature or folly – just as the reader pleases to call it – to instruct her so far, that she obtain a competent skill in the Latin language, and was, perhaps as good a scholar as most of the young men of quality of the age. This advantage, however like most others of an extraordinary kind, was attended with some small inconveniences; for as it is not to be wondered at that a young woman so well accomplished should have little relish for the society of those whom fortune had made her equals, but whom education had rendered so much her inferiors; so it is matter of no greater astonishment that this superiority in Jenny together with that behavior which is its certain consequence should produce among the rest some little envy and ill-will towards her; and these had, perhaps, secretly burnt in the bosoms of her neighbours ever since her return from her service.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 6, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 7

Can love, which always seeks the good of its object, attempt to betray a woman into a bargain where she is so greatly to be the loser? If such corrupter, therefore should have the impudence to pretend a real affection for her, ought not the woman to regard him not only as an enemy, but as the worst of all enemies, a false, designing, treacherous, pretended friends, who intended not only to debauch her body, but her understanding at the same time?
Here Jenny expressing great concern, Allworthy paused a moment, and then proceeded: “I have talked thus to you, child, not to insult you for what is past and irrevocable, but to caution and strengthen you for the future. Nor should I have taken this trouble but from some opinion of your good sense, notwithstanding the dreadful slip you have made; and from some hopes of your hearty repentance, which are founded on the openness and sincerity of your confession.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 7, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 9

… for it is a secret well known to great men, that, by conferring an obligation, they do not always procure a friend, but are certain of creating many enemies.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 9, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 12


Nor did she go pining and moping about the house like a puny foolish girl ignorant of her distemper; she felt, she knew and she enjoyed the pleasing sensation of which, as she was certain it was not only innocent but laudable, she was neither afraid nor ashamed.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 11, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 14

One of the maxim which the devil in a late visit upon the earth, left to his disciples, is, when once you are got up to kick the stool from under you. In plain English, when you have made your fortune by the good offices of friend, you are advised to discard him as soon as you can.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 1, Chapter 13, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 18


... we intend in it rather to pursue the method of those writers, who profess to disclose the revolutions of countries than to imitate the painful and voluminous historian who, to preserve the regularity of his series, thinks himself obliged to fill up as much paper with the detail of months and years in which nothing remarkable happened as he employs upon those notable aeras when the greatest scenes have been transacted on the human stage.
Such histories as these do, in reality, very much resemble a newspaper which consists of just the same number of words whether there be any news in it or not. They may likewise be compared to a stage coach, which performs constantly the same course empty as well as full.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 1, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 19


But it is with jealousy as with the gout: when such distemper are in the blood, there is never any security against their breaking out;
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 3, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 22


Leve fit quod bene fertur onus
A burden becomes lightest when it is well borne
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 3, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 22

I believe it is a true observation that few secretes are divulged to one person only; but certainly, it would be next to a miracle that a fact of this kind should be known to a whole parish, and not transpire any farther.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 5, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 25

Scandal, therefore, never found any access to his table; for as it hath been long since observed that you may know a man by his companions, so I will venture to say that, by attending to the conversations at a great man’s table, you may satisfy yourself of his religion, his politics, his taste, and indeed of his entire disposition; for though a few odd fellows will utter their own sentiments in all places, yet much the greater part of mankind have enough of the courtier to accommodate their conversation to the taste and inclination of their superiors.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 6, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 27



… but as many of my readers, I hope, know what an exquisite delight there is in conveying pleasure to a beloved object, so some few I am afraid, may have experienced the satisfaction of tormenting one we hate.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 7, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 31


Hence, too, must flow those tears which a widow sometimes so plentifully sheds over the ashes of a husband with whom she led a life of constant disquiet and turbulency and who now she can never hope to torment any more.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 7, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 31

… he exercised much thought in calculating as well as he could the exact value of the whole; which calculations he often saw occasion to alter in his own favour…
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 8, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 32

Tu secanda marmora
Locas sub ipsum funus; et sepulchri
Immemor, struis domos
Which sentiment I shall thus give to the English reading: “you provide the nobles materials for building, when a pickaxe and a spade are only necessary; and build house of fine hundred by a hundred feet, forgetting that of six by two.”
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 8, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 32


… the captain had, by perverse accident, betaken himself to a new walk that evening
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 9, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 33

… all experiments of bleeding, chafing, dropping &c., proved ineffectual. Death that inexorable judge, had passed sentence on him, and refused to grant him a reprieve, though two doctors who arrived and were fee’d at one and the same instant, were his counsel.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 2, Chapter 9, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 33

Containing the Most Memorable Transactions Which Passed in the Family of Mr. Allworthy, from the Time When Tommy Hones Arrived at the age of Fourteen, till He Attained the Age of Nineteen. In this Book the Reader May Pick Up Some Hints Concerning the Education of Children
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 1, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 35


He was as good as his word; for he rode immediately to his house, and complained of the trespass on his manor in as high terms and as bitter language as if his house had been broken open, and the most valuable furniture stole out of it.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 2, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 37


Tom’s guilt now flue in his face more than any severity could make it. He could more easily bear the lashes of Thwackum, than the generosity of Allworthy. The tears burst from his eyes and he fell upon his knees, crying” Oh sir you are too good to me. Indeed you are. Indeed I don’t deserve it.”
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 2, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 38



Can honour teach any one to tell a like or can any honour exist independent of religion?
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 2, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 38



…there were scare any two words of a more vague and uncertain signification, that the two he had mentioned; for that there were almost as many different opinions concerning honour as concerning religion.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 3, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 39



… we have different ideas of honour;…
I have asserted that true honour and true virtue are almost synonymous terms, and they are both founded on the unalterable rule of right, and the eternal fitness of things; to which an untruth being absolutely repugnant and contrary, it is certain that true honour cannot support an untruth.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 3, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 39



Upon the whole, it is not religion or virtue, but the want of them, which is here exposed.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 3, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 39


… for this worthy man having observed the imperfect institution of our public schools, and the many vices which boys were there liable to learn, had resolved to educate his nephew, as well as the other lad, whom he had in a manner adopted, in his own house where he thought their morals would escape all that danger of being corrupted to which they would be unavoidably exposed in any public school or university.
Having therefore, determined to commit these boys to the tuition of a private tutor…
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 5, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 42



Castigo te non quod odio habeam, sed quod Amen.
I chastise thee not out of hatred, but out of love.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 6, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 43


However, when Tom grew up and gave tokens of that gallantry of temple which greatly recommends men to women, this disinclination which she had discovered to him when a child, by degrees abated and at last she so evidently demonstrated her affection to him to be much stronger than what she bore her own son that it was impossible to mistake her any longer.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 6, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 44



“Oh sir!” answered Tom, “your poor gamekeeper, with all his large family, ever since your discarding him have ben perishing with all the miseries of cold and hunger: I could not bear to see these poor wretches naked and starving, and at the same time know myself to have been the occasion of all their sufferings. I could not bear it, sire; upon my soul, I could not.” [Here the tears ran down his cheeks, and he thus proceeded.] “It was to save them from absolute destruction I parted with your dear present, notwithstanding all the value I had for it; I sold the horse for them, and they have every farthing of the money.”
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 8, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 46



This affair was afterwards the subject of much debate between Thwackum and square. Thwackum held, that this was flying in Mr. Allworthy’s face, who had intended to punish the fellow for his disobedience. He said, in some instances; what the world called charity appeared to him to be opposing the will of the Almighty, which had marked some particular persons for destruction;…
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 8, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 46



… for though they would both make frequent use of the word mercy, yet it was plain that in reality Square held it to be inconsistent with the rule of right; and Thwackum was for doing justice, and leaving mercy to heaven. The two gentlemen did indeed somewhat differed in opinion concerning the objects of this sublime virtue; by which Thwackum would probably have destroyed one half of mankind, and Square the other half.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 3, Chapter 10, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 48



… I always thought there was something very cruel in confining anything. It seemed to be against the law of nature by which everything hath a right to liberate; nay, it is even unchristian, for it is not doing what we would be done by; but if I had imagined Miss Sophia would have been so much concerned at it, I am sure I never would have done it;…

...To confine anything, seems to me against the law of nature, by which everything hath a right to liberty.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 4, Chapter 3, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 53



Sir, I cannot help congratulation you on your nephew; who at an age when few lads have any ideas but of sensible objects, is arrived at a capacity of distinguishing right from wrong
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 4, Chapter 4, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 53



… for by adhering to those narrow rules the younger Brutus had been condemned of ingratitude, and the elder of parricide

Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 4, Chapter 4, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 54

“And I have instilled principles into him too,” cried Square. “What but the sublime idea of virtue could inspire a human mind with the generous thought of giving liberty? And I repeat to you again if it was a fit thing to be proud, I might claim the honour of having infused that idea.”
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 4, Chapter 4, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 54


“So between you both,” says the squire, “the young gentleman hath been taught to rob my daughter of her bird. I find I must take care of my partridge-mew. I shall have some virtuous religious man or other set all my partridges at liberty.”
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 4, Chapter 4, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 54

Let those of high life therefore, no longer despise the ignorance of their inferiors; nor the vulgar any longer rail at the vices of their betters.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 4, Chapter 7, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 59



Charlie Brown, you blockhead!

“Why, husband,” says she, “would any but such a blockhead as you not have enquired what place this as before he had accepted it?
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Book 4, Chapter 9, Great Books Volume 37, Pg. 62





Vocabulary – Tom Jones


compunction, pg. 46
A feeling of guilt or moral scruple that follows the doing of something bad

anxiety arising from awareness of guilt

uneasiness or anxiety of the conscience caused by regret for doing wrong or causing pain; contrition; remorse.


deist, pg. 46
the philosophy of religion is the standpoint that reason and observation of the natural world, without the need for organized religion
Belief in God based only on reason and nature
believe in the existence of God, on purely rational grounds, without any reliance on revealed religion
a movement or system of thought advocating natural religion, emphasizing morality, and in the 18th century denying the interference of the Creator with the laws of the universe
A belief in a god of nature -- a noninterventionist creator -- who permits the universe to run itself according to natural laws.


effeminate, pg. 58
traits in a human male that are more often associated with traditional feminine nature, behavior, mannerisms, style or gender roles. Having characteristics never associated with manliness or men. Not necessarily feminine or womanly. Having qualities or characteristics more often associated with women than men.



eleemosynary, pg 1
relating to, or supported by charity
pertaining to alms, charity, or charitable donations;



eminent, pg. 49

high in station, rank, or repute; prominent; distinguished
Outstanding, as in character or performance
conspicuous, signal, or noteworthy



erudition, pg. 7
acquired by study, research, etc.; learning; scholarship.
erudire “to instruct, educate, cultivate”, literally “free from rudeness”
The word erudition came into Middle English from Latin.


Heliogabalus, pg. 1
The emperor of Rome, ruled from 218 to 222, famous for his religious reforms and the introduction of the cult of the Syrian sun god
The sun god
The patron god of Emesa


importunate, pg. 37
troublesomely urgent : overly persistent in request or demand
pressingly entreating



offals, pg. 3
a culinary term used to refer to the entrails and internal organs of a butchered animal. The word does not refer to a particular list of organs.
Waste parts, especially of a butchered animal.
Refuse; rubbish
nonmeat edible products from animal slaughter
the waste or by-product of a process: as a : trimmings of a hide : the by-products of milling used especially for stock feeds

opprobrious, pg. 8
Expressing contemptuous reproach; scornful or abusive

Disgraceful; shameful



parricide, pg. 54

the act of killing one's father, mother, or other close relative.

a person who commits such an act.
the act of murdering one's father (patricide), mother (matricide)




pedagogue, pg. 23
A schoolteacher; an educator who instructs in a pedantic or dogmatic manner.
a dull, formal, or pedantic teacher
overly concerned with minute details
a narrow, often ostentatious concern for book learning and formal rules


Peremptory, pg 4
Putting an end to all debate or action
Not allowing contradiction or refusal


potation, pg. 49

A drink

The action of drinking something, esp. alcohol.

reprobate, pg. 46
A morally unprincipled person, depraved
One who is predestined to damnation.


taciturnity, pg. 58
the state or quality of being reserved or reticent in conversation. 2. Scots Law. The relinquishing of a legal right through an unduly long delay. Habitually untalkative. Habitual silence, or reserve in speaking



vociferous, pg. 33
marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry
Making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry
(vehement: zealous; ardent; impassioned, acting or moving with great force; violent; impetuous; having or characterized by intense feeling or strong passion; fervent, impassioned,)