ARISTOPHANES - The Plays of Aristophanes: The Ecclesiazusae

ARISTOPHANES 

  The Plays of Aristophanes:  
THE ECCLESIAZUSAE


QUOTES FOR DISCUSSION

PRAXAGORA: Now do make haste and fasten on your beards, and all you others who have practiced talking.

1st Women: Practiced indeed! Can't every woman talk?

PRAXAGORA: Come, fasten on your beard, and be a man.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Ecclesiazusae, Great Books Vol. 5,pg 616

PRAXAGORA (to her)
... ye are to blame for this, Athenian people, Ye draw your wages from the public purse, Yet each man seeks his private gain alone. So, the State reels, like any Aesimus. Still, if ye trust me, ye shall yet be saved. I move now that womankind be asked to rule the State. In your own homes, ye know they are the managers and rule the house.
Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Ecclesiazusae, Great Books Vol. 5, pg 617

PRAXAGORA (ignoring this interruption)
That they are better in their ways than we I’ll soon convince you. First, they dye their wools in boiling tinctures, in the ancient style. You won’t find them, I warrant, in a hurry tying new plans. And would it not have saved the Athenian city had she let alone things that worked well, nor idly sought things new? They roast their barley, sitting, as of old;
They on their heads bear burden, as of old;
They keep their Thesmophoria, as of old;
They bake their honied cheesecakes, as of old;
They victimize their husbands, as of old;
The still secrete their lovers, as of old;
They buy themselves sly dainties, as of old;
They love their wine unwatered, as of old;
They like a woman’s pleasures, as of old;
Then let us, gentlemen, give up to them the helm of State, and not concern ourselves, nor pry, nor question what they mean to do; But let them really govern, knowing this, The statesmane-mothers never will neglect their soldier-sons. And then a soldier’s rations, who will supply as well as she who bare him? For ways and means none can excel a woman. And there’s no fear at all that they’ll be cheated.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Ecclesiazusae, Great Books Vol. 5, pg 617

PRAXAGORA: That he's more fit to tinker the constitution than his pots and pans.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Ecclesiazusae, Great Books Vol. 5,pg 617

Vocabulary - Aristophanes,
The Plays of Aristophanes: The Ecclesiazusae, Great Books Vol. 5

a·pos·tro·phe ^{(not in text)}

n.

The direct address of an absent or imaginary person or of a personified abstraction, especially as a digression in the course of a speech or composition.

a·pos·tro·phize, pg 615

tr. & intr.v. a·pos·tro·phized, a·pos·tro·phiz·ing, a·pos·tro·phiz·es

To address by or speak or write in apostrophe.

Laconian shoes

Kovorodes or xovorodes (? - not sure of spelling - original Greek )
- thin light sandals worn by old men, so called because the foot got covered with dust

aukwvukai or aukwvika (original Greek)

a kind of men’s shoes

tells us that the Laconian shoes were the best. ... These Laconian shoes appear to have been actually made in and imported from Laconia (Aristoph.

A dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities, Volume 1 By Sir William Smith

sweltered, pg 616

Etymology: Middle English sweltren, frequentative of swelten to die, be overcome by heat, from Old English sweltan to die; akin to Gothic swiltan to die

http://www.librarything.com/work/29192

The complete plays of Aristophanes

ARISTOPHANES - The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae

ARISTOPHANES 

  The Plays of Aristophanes:

THE THESMOPHORIAZUSAE

 QUOTES FOR DISCUSSION

Aristrophanes, c.445 c. 380 BC

Biographical Note

However, his first play, the Banqueters, won the second prize in 427 B.C, and he must then have been less than eighteen years of age, since as he notes in the Clouds, he was too young to produce it in his own name.

Aristophanes, Great Books Volume 5, pg 451

Biographical Note

Aristophanes produced a play for the last time in 388. The following year, his son Araros, won the first prize with one of his father's plays. Since Araros was producing his own plays by 375, it has been inferred that Aristophanes died somewhere between 385 and 375 B.C.

Aristophanes, Great Books Volume 5, pg 451

Mnesilochus: Whence art thou, what they country, what thy Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 602

Euripides: What's the matter? Shut your mouth, or else I'll clap a gag in.

Mnesilochus: Lackalackaday!

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 602

Mnesilochus: O me, you'll scald me like a sucking-pig.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 603

Euripides: Now for a snood and hair-net

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 603

1st Woman: I don't believe that there's a single fault he's not accuse us of; I don't believe that there's a single theatre or stage, but there is he, calling us double-dealers, false, faithless, rippling, mischief-making gossips, a rotten set, a misery to men. Well, what's the consequence?

The men come home looking so sour - O we can see them peeping in every closet, thinking friends are there. Upon my word we can't do anything we used to do; he has made the men so silly.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 604

1st Woman: Euripides declares, the scandal-monger, "An old man weds a tyrant, not a wife." You know, my sisters, how they mew us up, guarding our women's rooms with bolts and seals and fierce Molossian dogs. That's all his doing.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 605

Mnesilochus: But now we're all alone, there's no reporter, all among friend, why not be fair and candid? Grant that the man has really found us out, and told a thing or two, sure they're all true, and there's a many thousand still behind.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 605

Mnesilochus: Nor how a wife contrived to smuggle out her frightened lover, holding up her shawl to the sun's rays for her husband to admire.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 605

1st Woman: It is, indeed: how dare you plead for him who always chooses such odious subject for his plays, on purpose to abuse us?

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 606

Cleisthenes: Euripides, they say, has sent a cousin, a bad old man, amongst you here to-day.

Chorus: O, why and wherefore, and with what design?

Cleisthenes: To be a spy, a horrid, treacherous spy, a spy on all your purposes and plans.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 606

Chorus: Men never speak a good word, never one, for the feminine gender, everyone say we're a plague, the source of all evils to man, war, dissension, and strive. Come answer me this, if you can; Why if we're really a Plague, you're so anxious to have us for wives; and charge us not to be peeping, not to stir out of doors for our lives, isn't it silly to guard a Plague, with such scrupulous care? Zounds! How you rave, coming home, if your poor little wife isn't there, should not rather be glad, and rejoice all the days of your life.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 609

Chorus: But this is a true description of you. Are ye not gluttonous, vulgar, perverse, kidnappers, housebreakers, footpads, and worse? And we in domestic economy too are thriftier, shiftier, wiser than you. For the loom which our mothers employed with such skill, with its Shafts and its Thongs, we are working it still, and the ancient umbrella by no means is done, we are wielding it yet, as our shield form the sun.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 609

Chorus: Merrily, merrily, merrily on to your own confusion go. But we've ended our say and we're going away, like good honest women, straight home form the play.

Aristophanes, The Plays of Aristophanes: The Thesmophoriazusae, Great Books Volume 5, pg 614

The Complete Plays of Aristophanes

http://www.librarything.com/work/29192

MARSHALL, Catherine: Christy

CHRISTY

BY

CATHERINE MARSHALL

QUOTES FOR DISCUSSION

Nonetheless, I was standing on the spot which I had always longed to see - the site of the adventures recounted so vividly by my parents during all my growing -up years. In a sense, I had lived through those experiences too.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 15


Presently we were standing at the edge of the yard she knew so well. No one was around. It was like walking onto an empty stage setting or into one's own dream.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 18


The story aches to be told, Catherine. The secrets of the human spirit that Alice Henderson knew, the wisdom that she shared is needed by so many today. And the mountain people, my friends - Fairlight and Opal, Jeb Spencer and Aunt Polly Teague, Ruby Mae and Little Burl, my school children - I want people to know them as they really were. But Catherine, I'm not the one to put it on paper. You know, sometimes the dreams of the parents must be fulfilled in the children.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 19


And my brother George, hearing the announcement, had stumbled out of bed and down the stairs to the landing, where he had stood leaning sleepily on the banister, touseled hair in his eyes, to tell me good-bye.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 21


It was a lonely, formless landscape. I wondered sudddenly if I was going to be homesick even before I got to El Pano.
Now the snow was beginning ot fall again with the wind rising. It was a strange wind, a whimpering sobbing wind, with pain in it. Yet gales were nothing new to me. Asheville had always been known as a windy city. I had always had tohold onto my hat as I rounded the corner onto Grant Street, sometimes using physical force topush, push against the invisible yet mightly walls of wind.
But there was something different about this wind. It was not a single note, but many notes playing up and down the scale, harmonizing at one moment, discordant the next, retreating, advancing.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 27


"You come from a highfalutin' home" - I opened my mouth to speak, but the voice rushed on - "easy to tell that. Your clothes, pretty fancy do-dads- The way you talk. Oh I see a lot of folks, and if I do say so myself who shouldn't, I'm a pretty good judge of folks."
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 35


She could talk the hind legs off a donkey, the staion mand had said.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 35


"Cause nobody really knows, and me, I just saw wood and say nothin'."
I could scarcely visualize Mrs. Tatum "saying nothing" at any time,
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 36



"Hit ain't bad. Wait until I get acrost though, so you don't get no sway."
Standing on the bank, I felt sick at my stomach. I never had liked heights. There had been that time on the railroad trestle two hundred feet above the French Broad River when some friends and I were coming back from a picnic. It would not have been so bad except for the wide open spaces between the trestles. And when I had looked down, well - many times since then I had dreamed of it. And now here was my old nightmare come horribly true.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 45


"There's another way that's shorter. But that way is so up-tilted, you could stand straight up and bite the ground."
I wondered as I panted after him if any piece of land could be more up-tilted than this. There was a sudden gust of wind. The higher we climbed, the stronger the gale that blew from the north. Near the top, the bank to our right was not high enough to give much protection. There were moments when I was sure we were about to be blown over the cliff. Yet the man walking in front gave no indication that he even noticed the buffeting of the wind.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 46


It seemed so much longer. Was it only four weeks ago that I had followed Mr. Pentland up that mountain trail into this new life? Why, my life in Asheville seemd so far away that it could have ben months or years.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 92


Snow never lasted so long in Asheville, and of the second day it was always dirty from soot and traffic. I never knew that snow could be so beautiful until I saw it miles away from a city. Such sparkling pristine pure white.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 96



"Every bit of life, every single one of us has a dark side," she retorted. "When you decided to leave home and take this teaching job, you were venturing out of your particular ivory tower. I know, I was reared in an ivory tower too. When we get our first good look at the way life realy is, and a lot of us want to run back to shelter in a hurry."
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 101


"A Supreme Being with real power and real love wouldn't stand by and watch a little girl raped and a woman hanged. How could He?"
"He would have to, if He'd given us men and women a genuine freedom of choice." Miss Alice's voice was gentle. "I think it's like this... The Creator made the world a cooperative enterpirse. In order for it to be that way, God had to give us the privilege of going His way or of refusing to go His way."
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 102


I happen to know that a certain man for two days disregarded a strong inner impulse to go to her. Finally he did go, but it was too late. So God's clear order went unheeded. And evil had its day. The result of our disobedience can be that simple, that terrible.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 104


I awoke to a sunshiny morning feeling so good that at first I had trouble remembering what I had been so gloomy about the night before. Oh, yes - the O'Teale cabin and my feelings of inadequacy as a teacher. But nothing could be that bad. I thought, as I stood before the front window savoring my view, feeling the warmth of the sun through the glass.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 106


...if we will let God, He can use even our disappointments, even our annoyances to bring us a blessing. There's a practical way to start the process too: by thanking Him for whatever happens, no matter how disagreeable it seems.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 116


Though I understood Miss Alice's effots to underscore the fine heritage of these people and to build on that, I could also see just by looking around me how we tend to over-romanticize history. Life in those other centuries had not been all knights-and-ladies stuff. There was nothing romantic about cottages where eight or ten people slept in one room with no privacy; where there were no bathrooms, not even outside privies - even if the cottage did happen to have picturesque thatch on the roof. There was nothing glamourous in any century about no running water in which to bathe or about fleas on human beings or about the blackgum twigs with which some of the women right now , in 1912, dipped snuff and then rubbed their teeth and gums. So many of the people had terrible looking teeth or no teeth at all. And the eye trouble that was so prevalent. I had learned that it was trachoma and that it was a dangerous infection which, if unchecked resulted in blindness.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 122


As they struggled along the Indian trails or followed the river-routes to make their way in a new land, they had looked upon the same trees I was seeing now.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 129

"The point is Dr. Ferrand won't accept any money unless he knows the individual has had inner direction to giv it. He feels that money donnned out of people won't be blessed for the workd anyway."
These were new ideas to me but I respected them In fact, in the light of such a philosophy of giving, now I thought I saw what was wrong with the never-ending pleas for funds from charitable organizations and pulpits; most of the time these solicitors were trying to pry money out of people by riding roughshod over their individual right of choice.
But Miss Alice continued, "I believe each person has something special he's meant to do. That being the case, surely we have no right to foist "causes' - even our favorite ones - only present them. Dr. Ferrand believes - and I agree - that only one motive is good enought to warrant giving: because the self, without pressure, freely chooses to make the gift.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 146


Every Monday morning of each successive day handed me problems in school teaching for which no Teacher's Training Course could ever had prepared me.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 150


What was I to do about the body ordors of children, who were disinclined to take any baths during the cold months; who, if theyowned anyunderwear, usually had it dewsn on for the winter?
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 150


This led directly to the idea of including a hygine or health lesson in each day's curriculum.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 151


In addition, as I saw how closely the children watched "Teacher," how much they wanted to be like me and in how many ways they were copying me, I tried to be more meticulous about grooming than I had ever been, wearing freshly starched and ironed shirtwaists, always keeing my hair clean and shining.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 151



Then as time went on, I made an amazing discovery; the odors ("funks" as my children said, using a sturdy Shakespearean word) were no longer so much of a problem for me.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 151


It was not that my hygiene lessons had yet made that much difference nor that I had accustomed to the smells because in other situations my crazy nose bothered me as much as always. It was rather that as I came to know the children and to think of them as persons rather than names in my grade book, I forgot my reactions and began to love them. I suppose the principle was that higher affection will always expel the lower whenever we give the higher affection sway.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 152



Naturally wiht sixty-seven pupils in all grades to teach, it was hard to find time for such individual attention. Nor did it seem right to give most of my time to the dull, slow children rather than to the bright ones. Par of this was solved by appointing Junior Teachers to hlep me These were my oldest and best pupils.... They in turn profited from the experience of teaching the younger ones.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 157



(a suprising number of these people lived and died without going more than a few miles from home) bred a self-contained individualism. Set down on its own hollow, each household had to depend on itself - and did. The Cove people were suspicious about joining any group efort or organization.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 159


"...if God loves ever'body, then we'uns got to love ever'body too?"
So once I shut down my privilege of disliking anyone I chose and holding myself aloof if I could manage it, greater understanding, growing compassion came to me, more love for the children, and as time passed, for the older people too.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 160


The grace and gesture and the long tapering fingers (even though they were red and rough with cipped and broken nails) caught my attention. I stood there thinking that these should be the hands of a lady handling an ivory fan or smoothing her skirts of velvet or satin. They were the hands of an aristocrat, and here they were on a mountain woman, buried at the back of beyond.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 164


I thought of how hard my parents had tried to give me some appreication for good music. Yet somehow I could not deprecate the hmescpun minstrelsy I was hearing now. I sat there thinking about how all real music has to be born in the human spirit. Well these ballads surely had been.
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 167


How is it that sometimes a melody and a lyric will wing their way into mind and heart to lodge there like a homing bird?
Catherine Marshall, Christy, pg 168


VOCABULARY - CHRISTY

counterpin, pg 165
South Midland and Southern U.S. bedspread


mawkish, pg 156
having an insipid often unpleasant taste
probably from Old Norse mathkr
characterized by sickly sentimentality; weakly emotional; maudlin. 2. having a mildly sickening flavor; slightly nauseating.

Pristine, pg 96
1. a. Remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization. b. Remaining free from dirt or decay; clean [Latin pristinus; akin to Latin prior. Date: 1534 ]

HARRIS, Joanne, Chocolat

CHOCOLAT

BY JOANNE HARRIS

QUOTES FOR DISCUSSION

... hot greasy scents of frying pancakes and sausages and powdery-sweet waffles cooked on the hot plate right there by the roadside, with the confetti sleeting down collars and cuffs and rolling in the gutters like an idiot antidote to winter.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 1


No one looks at us. We might as well be invisible; our clothing marks us as strangers, trnasients. They are polite, so polite; no one stares at us.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 3


She smells of smoke and frying pancakes and warm bedclothes on a winter's morning.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 5


A slight air of embarrassment prevails, of abashment at this excess of noise and color. Like rain in midsummer it evaporates, runs ion tthe cracked earth and through the parched stones, leaving barely a trace. Two hours later Lansquenet-sous-Tannes is invisible once more, like an enchanted village that appears only once every year. But for the carnival we should have missed it altogether.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 5


She is right. The smell is like daylight trapped for years until it has gone sour and rancid, of mouse droppings and the ghosts of things unremembered and unmourned. It echose like a cave, the small heat of our presence only serving to accentuate every shadow. Paint and sunlight and soapy water will rid it of the grime, but the sadness is another matter, the forlorn resonance of a house where no one has laughed for years.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 6


Sandalwood on our pillow to sweeten our dreams.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 7


After tha one one every looked up at my window, though I counted over sixty heads, scarves, berets, hats drawn down against tn invisible wind- but I felt their studied, curious indifference. They had matters of importance to consider, said their hunched shoulders and lowered heads.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 9


"Well, we could doo with some help here," I suggested. "Not you, of course-"quickly, as he began to reply. "But perhaps you know someone whou could do with the extra money? A plasterer, someone who might be able to help with the decorating?"
This was surely safe territory.
"I can't think of anyone."
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 11

She has an odd facility for acquiring helpers. Though I offered to assist her, I doubted whether she would find many of our villagers willing.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 15



All I want is to guide them, mon pere, to free them from their sin. But they fight me at every turn, like children refusing wholesome fare in order to continue eating what sickents them. I know you understand. ... Their faces are sullen, resentful. Yesterday they lkeft the service with ash on their foreheads and a look of guilty relief. Left to their secret indulgences, their solitary vices. Don't they understand? The Lord sees everything; I see everything. Paul-Marie Muscate beats his wife. He pays ten Aves weekly in the confessional and leavees to begin again in exactly the same way. HIs wife steals. Last week she went to the market and stole trumpery jewelry from a vendor's stall. Guillaume Duplessis wants to know if animals have souls, and weeps when I tell him they don't. Charlotte Edouard thinks her husband has a mistress - I know he has three, but he confessional keeps me silent. What children they are! Their demainds leave me bloodied and reeling. But I cannot afford to show weakness. Sheep are not the docile, pleasant creatures of the pastoral idyll. Any countryman will tell you that. They are sly, occasionally vicious, pathologically stupid. I cannot afford to be lenient. That is why, once a week, I allow myself this one indulgence. Your mouth is as closely sealed, mon pere, as that of the confessional. Your ears are always open, your heart always kind. For an hour I can lay aside the burden. I can be fallible.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 13


I am not kind. I come here for my own releif, not yours. And yet i like to believe my visits givve you pleasure, keeping you in touch wiht the hard edges of a world gone soft and featureless.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 16


To be talked over as if you were an object - Can he hear us? Do you think he understands? - your opinioins unsought, discarded ... To be closed from everything, and yet to feel, to think ... This is the truth of hell, stripped of it's gaudy medievalisms. This loss of contact.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 16


A man of any age can choose his friends where he likes,
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 27



Some people never have to think about giving.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 28


He has a lot to learn, that man, even if he has a got a degree in theology. And my silly daughter too. You don't get degrees in life, do you?
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 30


"You don't get much entertainment around here," she observed. "Especially if you're old," She paused and peered at me again. "But with you I think maybe we're in for a little entertainment."
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 30



"Oh, I'm not allowed chocolate. Caro and that idiot doctor won't allow it. Or anything else I might enjoy," she added wryly. "First smoking, then alcohol, now this... God knows if I gave up breathing perhaps I might live forever."
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 31


I see the brave adventure we lived for so long in a different light now that I am the mother. I see myself as I was, the brown girl with the long uncombed hair, wearing cast-off charity-shop clothing, learning math the hard way, geography the hard way - How much bread for two francs? How far will a fifty-mark rail ticket take us? - And I do not want it for her.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 33



But I let her go without a word, aching to hold her but too aware of the wall of privacy slamming down between us. Children are born wild, I know. The best I can hope for is a little tenderness, a seeming docility. eneath the surface the wilderness remains, stark, savage, and alien.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 49


There is a kind of sorcery in all cooking: in the choosing of ingredients, the process of mixing, grating, melting, infusing, and flavoritng, the recipes taken from ancient books, the traditional utensils - the pestle and mortar with which my mother made her incense turned to a more homely purpose, her spices and aromatics giving up their subtleties to a baser, more sensual magic.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 51


...so much loving preparation, so much art and experience, put into a pleasure that can last only a moment, and which only a few will ever fully appreciate.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 51


To her, food was no pleasure, but a tiresome necessity to be worried over, a tax on the price of our freedom.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 51


"You won't ever guess his favorite, she says. "He hasn't got one."
"I find that difficult to believe," I smile. "Everyone has a favorite. Even Monsieur Muscat."
Lucie considers this for a moment. "Maybe his favorite is the one he takes from someone else," she tells me limpidly.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 63



As an antidote I read Jung and Herman Hesse and learned about the collective unconscious. Divination is a means of telling ourselves what we already know. What we fear. There are no demons, but a collection of archetypes every civilization has in common. The fear of loss - Death. The fear of displacement - the Tower. The fear of transience - the Chariot.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 76


"It isn't me," I whispered. "It's you, it's supposed to be you, you're the Black Man, you're - Then I was falling backward through the looking glass with cards spraying aout in all directions around me - Nine of swords, DEATH. Three of Swords, DEATH. The Tower, DEATH. The Charito, DEATH.
I awoke screaming, wtih Anoouk standing above me, her dark face blurry with sleep and anxiety.
"Maman, what is it?" Her arms are warm around my neck. She smells of chocolate and vanilla and peaceful untroubled sleep.
"Nothing. A dream. Nothing."
She croons to me in her small soft voice, and I have an unnerviing impression of thw orld reversed, of myself melting into her like a nautilus into its spiral, round-around-around, of her hand cool on my forehead, her mouth against my hair, "Out-out, out," she murmurs automatically. "Evil spirits, get thee hence. It's okay now , maman. All gone." I don't know where she picks these things up from. My mother used to say that, but I don't remember ever teaching Anouk. And yet she uses it like an old familiar formula.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 144


Ironic, isn't it? A week ago I was still uestioning my own faith. Too self-absorbed to see the sings. Too feeble to play my part. And yet the Bible tels us uite clearly what we must do. Weeds and wehat cannot grow peacefully together. Any gardener could tell you the same thing.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 151



It is difficult to remember that until last week they were barely nodding aqcuaintances. There is a kind of intensity with them now, a lowered tone, a suggestion of intimacy. Politics, music, chess, religion, rugby, poetry - the swoop and segue from one topic to another like gourmets at a buffet who cannot bear to leave any dish untasted.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 152


"It's dreadful," he said, "but I have such an appetite. I feel as if I haven't eaten for a month. I've just buried my dog, and I could eat a -" He broke off in confusion. It feels terribly wrong somehow, " he said. "Like eating meat on Good Friday."
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 156


"No point carrying useless ballast. It won't change a thing."
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 157


"Where do you think Charly isnow, marman?"
There are lies I could tell her, comforting lies. But I find a I cannot. "I don't know, Nanou. I like to think - we can start again. In a new body that ins't old or sick. Or in a bird, or a tree. But no one one really knows."
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 157

I dotn' think there is such a thing as a good or bad Christian," i told him. "Only good or bad people."
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 171



"In that case, the things I've believe all my life - about sin and redemption and the mortification of the body - you'd say one of those things mean anything, wouldn't you?"
I smiled at his seriousness, "I'd say you've been talking to Armade, " I said gently. "And I'd also say that you and she are entitled to your beliefs. As long as they make you happy."
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 172



I don't want to take this medicine every day," she said calmly. "I don't want to follow endless diet-sheets. I don't want to be waited on by kind nurses who talk to me as if I were in kindergarten. I'm eighty years old for crying out loud, and if I can't be trusted to know wha I want at my age - "
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 214


My dear girl, at my age I can be anything I please. I can be absurd if I felt like it. I'm old enough to get away with anything.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 217


"I don't think that white collar gives you sole right of access to the divine," she finished more gently. "I think there may be room somewhere for both of us, don't you?"
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 225


It is not she, but I who have been flind. The red-ribboned walking stick, the tentative gestures, the unfinished tapestry, the eyes shadowed beneath a succession of hats...
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 227


"You're not so old," I wailed in spite of myself. "I can't believe you're giving up like this!"
She looked at me. "And yet you were the one, weren't you, who told Guillaume to leave Charly some dignity."
"You're not a dog!" I retorted, angry now.
"No," replied Armande softely, "and I have a choice."
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 229


Perhaps it is what I suspected from the first, that Reynaud and I are linked, that one balances the other and without him I have no purpose here.
Whatever it is, the neediness of the town is gone; I can feel satisfaction in its place, a full-bellied satiety with no more room for me. In homes everywhere in Lansquenet couples are making love, children are playing, dogs are barking, televisions blaring...without us.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 305


No longer will tourists drive through Lansquenet on the way to other places. I have put the invisible town on the map.
Joanne Harris, Chocolat, pg 305



VOCABULARY - Chocolate, Joanne Harris

Augury, pg 54
-the art or practice of an augur; divination. 2. the rite or ceremony of an augur. 3. an omen, token, or indication.
-1 : divination from auspices or omens; also : an instance of this 2 : omen, portent
-The augur was a priest and official in the classical world, especially ancient Rome and Etruria. His main role was to interpret the will of the gods
- the art of divination by observing the behaviour of birds--was extensively cultivated by the Etrurians and Romans.
-The object of augury was not so much to foretell the future as to indicate what line of action should be followed, in any given circumstances, by the nation. The augurs were consulted on all matters of importance, and the position of augur was thus one of great consequence.


Bravado, pg 101
- pretended courage or defiant confidence when one is really afraid.
- 1. a. Defiant or swaggering behavior: strove to prevent our courage from turning into bravado.
- A pretense of bravery; The quality or state of being foolhardy; A blustering swaggering conduct;
- to challenge, to show off


dour, pg 169
1. sullen; gloomy: Marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding: a dour, self-sacrificing life.



Guenwald, pg 207
is German for "green forest" and may refer to ... German painter and poet; Mark Gruenwald (1953-1996),


gendarmes, pg between 71? and 76?
- medieval or early modern cavalryman
- plural of gent d'armes, literally, armed people. Date: 1793
- a uniformed national police force, sometimes part of the military.


Linchpin, pg 32
a fastener used to prevent a wheel or other rotating part from sliding off the axle.


mimosa, pg 209
a cocktail-like drink composed of three parts champagne or other sparkling wine and two parts thoroughly chilled orange juice



segue, pg 152
1. Music To make a transition directly from one section or theme to another. 2. To move smoothly and unhesitatingly from one state, condition, situation, or element to another.


St. Elmo's Fire, pg 163
a weather phenomena that often appears on the masts of ships and the wings of airplanes. an electrical weather phenomenon in which luminous plasma is created by a coronal discharge originating from a grounded object in an atmospheric electric field (such as those generated by thunderstorms or thunderstorms created by a volcanic explosion).
St. Elmo's fire is named after St. Erasmus of Formiae (also called St. Elmo, a common mispronunciation among sailors of St. Ermo), the patron saint of sailors. The phenomenon sometimes appeared on ships at sea during thunderstorms and was regarded by sailors with religious awe for its glowing ball of light, accounting for the name.


Tia Maria, pg 71
a Jamaican rum-based coffee liqueur.


treacly, pg 208
resembling treacle, tread down · tread on · tread on (someone's); overly sweet. cloying, saccharine, syrupy · sweet - having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar ; Obsolete. a remedy for poison; any effective remedy. Brit. molasses; anything very sweet or cloying. Before the revolution Chukovsky had tried to free children's literature from treacly verse and goody-goody stories

ARCHIMEDES: The Works of Archimedes

 ARCHIMEDES, THE WORKS OF ARCHIMEDES

QUOTES FOR DISCUSSION

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES:

Archimedes 287-212 BC

He may have studied with the pupils of Euclid in Alexandra.

Archimedes, Biographical note, Great Books Volume 11,  pg 399

After discovering the solution of the problem, “To move a given weight by a given force,” he boasted to King Hiero: “Give me a place to stand on and I can move the earth.” Asked for a practical demonstration, he contrived a machine by which with the use of only one arm he drew out of the dock a large ship, laden with passengers and good, which the combined strength of the Syracusans could scarcely move.

Archimedes, Biographical note, Great Books Volume 11, pg 399

Unlike Euclid and Apololonius he wrote no textbooks. Of his writings, although some have been lost, the most important have survived.

Archimedes, Biographical note, Great Books Volume 11, pg 399

The absorption of Archimedes in his mathematical investigations was so great that he forgot his food and neglected his person, and when carried by force to the bath, Plutarch records, “the used to trace geometrical figures in the ashes of the fire and diagrams in the oil on his body.” Asked by Hiero to discover whether a goldsmith had alloyed with silver the gold of his crown, Archimedes found the answer while bathing by considering the water displaced by his body, whereupon he is reported to have run home in his excitement without his clothes, shouting, “Eureka,” (I have found it).

Archimedes, Biographical note, Great Books Volume 11, Pg 400

In accordance with the expressed desire of Archimedes, his family and friends inscribed on his tomb the figure of his favorite theorem, on the sphere and the circumscribed cylinder, and the ratio of the containing solid to the contained.

Archimedes, Biographical note, Great Books Volume 11, Pg 400

ARCHIMEDES ON THE SPHERE AND CYLINDER

Archimedes to Dositheus greeting:

“On a former occasion I sent you the investigations which I had up to that time completed, including the proofs,…”

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: On the Sphere and Cylinder, Book One, Great Books Volume 11, Pg 403

Now, however, it will be open to those who possess the requisite ability to examine these discoveries of mine.

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: On the Sphere and Cylinder, Book One, Great Books Volume 11, Pg 403

The area of any circle is equal to a right-angled triangle in which one of the sides about the right angle is equal to the radius, and the other to the circumference, of the circle.

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes:  On the Sphere and Cylinder, Book One, Measurement of a Circle, Great Books Volume 11,  Pg 447

Therefore the circumference of the circle(being less than the perimeter of the polygon) is a fortiori less than 3 1/7 times the diameter AB.

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: On the Sphere and Cylinder, Book One, Measurement of a Circle, Great Books Volume 11, Pg 450

ARCHIMEDES ON THE EQUILIBRIUM OF PLANES OR THE CENTRES OF GRAVITY OF PLANES

Proposition 1

Weights which balance at equal distances are equal. For, if they are unequal, take away from the greater the difference between the two. The remainders will then not balance {Post.3}; which is absurd. Therefore the weights cannot be unequal.

Archimedes , The Works of Archimedes:  On the Equilibrium of Planes or the Centres of Gravity of Planes Book 1, Great Books Volume 11, pg 502

ARCHEMIDES: THE SAND-RECKONER

There are some, King Gelon, who think that the number of the sand is infinite in multitude; and I mean by the same not only that which exists about Syracuse and the rest of Sicily but also that which is found in every region whether inhabited or uninhabited. … But I will try to show you by means of geometrical proofs, which you will be able to follow, that, of the numbers named by me and given in the word which I sent to Zeuxippus, some exceed not only the number of the mass of sand equal in magnitude to the earth filled up in the way described, but also that of a mass equal in magnitude to the universe.

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: The Sand-Reckoner, Great Books Volume 11, pg 520

Now you are aware that ‘universe’ is the name given by most astronomers to the sphere whose centre is the centre of the earth and whose radius is equal to the straight line between the centre of the sun and the centre of the earth.

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: The Sand-Reckoner, Great Books Volume 11, pg 520

2. “The diameter of the earth is greater than the diameter of the moon, and the diameter of the sun is greater than the diameter of the earth.”

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: The Sand-Reckoner, Great Books Volume 11, Pg 521

Orders and periods of Numbers

I. We have traditional names for numbers up to a myriad (10,000); we can therefore express numbers up to a myriad myriads (100, 000,000). Let these numbers be called numbers of the first order.

Suppose the 100,000,000 to be the unit of the second order, and let the second order consist of the numbers from that unit up to (100,000,000)2 .

Let this again be the unit of the third order of numbers ending with (100,000,000)3 ; and so on, until we reach the 100,000,000th order of numbers ending with (100,000,000) 100,000,000 , which we will call P.

II. Supposed the numbers from 1 to P just described to form the first period. Let P be the unit of the first order of the second period, and let this consist of the numbers from P up to 100,000,000P.

Let the last number be the unit of the second order of the second period, and let this end with (100,000,000)2 P, or P2

We can go on this way till we reach the 100,00,000th order of the second period ending with (100,000,000) 100,000,000 P, or P2

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: The Sand-Reckoner, Great Books Volume 11, pg 524

… This last number is expressed by Archimedes as “a myriad-myriad units of the myriad-myriad-th order of the myriad-myraid-th period which is easily seen to be 100,000,000 times the product of (100,000,000) 99,999,999 and P99,999,999, i.e. P100,000,000

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: The Sand-Reckoner, Great Books Volume 11, pg 524

Hence the number of grains of sand which could be contained in a sphere of the size of our “universe” is less than 1,000 units of the seventh order of numbers or 1051

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: The Sand-Reckoner, Great Books Volume 11, pg 526

Conclusion:

“I conceive that these things, King Gelon, will appear incredible to the great majority of people who have not studied mathematics, but that to those who are conversant therewith and have given thought to the question of the distances and sizes of the earth, the sun and moon and the whole universe, the proof will carry conviction. And it was for this reason that I thought the subject would be not inappropriate for your consideration.”

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes:  The Sand-Reckoner, Great Books Volume 11, pg 526

ARCHIMEDES ON FLOATING BODIES

Proposition 6

If a solid lighter than a fluid be forcibly immersed in it, the solid will be driven upwards by a force equal to the difference between its weight and the weight of the fluid displaced.

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: On Floating Bodies, Book One, Great Books Volume 11, Pg 540

Postulate 2

“Let it be granted that bodies which are forces upwards in a fluid are forced upwards along the perpendicular (to the surface) which passes through their centre of gravity.”

Archimedes, The Works of Archimedes: On Floating Bodies, Book One, Great Books Volume 11, Pg 541

BUCK, Pearl S. The Pavilion of Women

PEARL BUCK: THE PAVILION OF WOMEN

QUOTES FOR DISCUSSION

Since he never had a daughter, he had put aside the convention that forbade a man to speak to his son’s wife. Many times he had even sent for her so that he might read to her something from the books in his library. It gave her pleasure to think that library full of books was now hers. Today, after years of giving her body and mind to others, he she felt she needed to drink deeply at old springs.
- pg 20

Madame Wu slept all that night without waking. When she awoke in the morning, she was completely rested. Fatigue had left her body. But there was something familiar in this feeling. Thus she had felt after each of her children had been born. Her first thought when she heard that sharp cry of the new child was always of reclaiming her own freedom. That joy of freedom was in her again.
- pg 40

 “They want to look at you,” she explained to brother André

Why not?” he replied and turned himself toward them.

The children shrank back at this, but when he remained motionless and smiling, they came near again.

“Why are you so big?” a child asked breathlessly.

“God made me so,” Brother André replied.
- pg 50

 “You are very lonely,” she said abruptly. “All day you work among the poor and at night among the stars.”

“It is true,” he agreed calmly.
- pg 72

 “Are there other men like you?” she asked.

“No man is quite like any other one, “ Brother André said.

His sun-browned face took on a warm, almost smiling look. “But your son, young Fengmo, I think he could become like me. Perhaps he will become like me.”

“I forbid it!” Madame Wu said imperiously.

“Ah!” Brother André said, and now he smiled. His eyes glowed for an instant, and then he said good bye. And she sat gazing up into the handful of stars above her court.
- pg 72

I thought if I did my duty to everyone, I could be free.”

“What do you mean by freedom?” He inquired.

“Very little,” she said humbly. “Simply to be mistress of my own person and my own time.”

“You ask a great deal,” he replied. “You ask for everything.”
- pg 93

 “Forget your own self,” he said.

“But all these years,” she urged, “I have so carefully fulfilled my duty.”

“Always with the thought of your own freedom,” He said.

She could not deny it.

“Instead of your own freedom, think how you can free others,” he said gently.

She lifted her head.

“From yourself,” he said still more gently.
- Pg 94

She had seen freedom hanging like a peach upon a tree. She had nurtured the tree, and when it bore, she had seized upon the fruit and found it green.
- Pg 94

 “Is our Chinese Heaven your God, and is your God our Heaven?” She inquired of Brother André.

“They are one and the same,” He replied.

“Then anywhere upon the round earth, by whatever seas, those who believe in any God believe in the one?” She asked.

“And so are brothers,” he said, agreeing.

“And if I do not believe in any?” she inquired willfully.

“God is patient,” he said. “God waits. Is there not eternity?”

She felt a strange warm current pass through him and through her. But it did not begin in him, and it did not end in her. They seemed only to transmit it, from the ends of the earth to the ends of the earth.

“Heaven is patient,” she repeated. “Heaven waits.”
- pg 97

Madame Wu closed the door. The foreign priest was neither foreign nor a priest to her now. She had never thought of him as a man when he was alive, but now that he was dead she saw him as a man lying dead. In his youth he must have been extremely handsome. The great body lying outstretched before her was of heroic proportions. His skin was pale and now in death was becoming translucent. Suddenly she recognized him. “You whom I love!” she murmured in profound astonishment. In the instant she accepted this recognition she felt her whole being change.
- pg 98

 “What is in that black box?” she asked and pointed

“That is a magic voice box,” the old woman said. “He used to listen to the voices in the night.”

Madame Wu remembered that he had told her of it. She approached the box and put her ear against it and heard nothing.

“It speaks for on one else,” the old woman explained.

“Ah, then we will bury it with him,” Madame Wu said.

There is one more thing he possesses, and it is magic, too,” The old woman said hesitantly. She then crawled under the bed and drew out a long wooden box. She opened it, and there lay an instrument, a pipe of some sort. “He held it to his right eye whenever the night was clear, and he looked into Heaven,” she said.
- pg 99

She sat awake and alone for hours that night, searching out the whole of her new knowledge. She loved a dead stranger, a man who had never once put out his hand to touch hers, whose touch would have been unthinkable. Had he lived, they would have accepted renunciation.
- pg 100

The next morning instead of waking to weariness and longing not to begin the day, she was aware of fresh energy in herself. What she felt now for André warmed and strengthened her. Love permeated her brain as well as her body. André was not dead. He was living, and he was with her because she loved him.
- pg 106

 “…it is a very grave thing to enter a large and honorable family such as ours. You can come into it and ruin all our happiness here. Or you can come in and add happiness by your presence.” - Pg 107

If Jasmine really loved Mr. Wu, that love, too, must be allowed. All the unhappiness in homes came because there was not love.
- Pg 108

The children looked at her with love, and suddenly for the first time in her life Madame Wu felt the true pangs of birth.
- Pg 109

He did make us laugh every day.
- Pg 109

Madame Wu did not understand fully the change that had taken place in her being. Indeed, she did not know from one moment to the net where her path lay. But she felt that she was walking along a path of light. And the light that lit this path was her love for André. When she needed to know what step should be taken next, she had only to think of him.
-  Pg 115

Madame Wu wiped her eyes delicately. While Tsemo was alive she had not missed him much, but now she missed him very much and thought of him often. She knew that what she missed was not what she had known, but what she had never known. She reproached herself very much that she had allowed a son to grow up in her house and had never really become acquainted with his being.
-  Pg 132

 “I have learned as I have grown older,” she said, “ There is a debt due to every soul, and that is the right to its own true happiness.”

“That is what Brother André use to say,” Fengmo said suddenly. Mother and son felt themselves drawn together, as though by some power or presence they did not see.
- Pg 132

 “He told me that in his village no one could read or write, and they had to go to the city to find a scholar. I had never understood the pity of this until I came to know him. He was very intelligent, but the poor old man could not read. Then I remembered that this is true in our villages, too. None of our own people can read and write either.

Why should they?” Madame Wu inquired. “They do not come and go. They only till the fields.”

“But Mother, “ Fengmo exclaimed, “to know how to read is to light a lamp in the mind, to release the soul from prison, to open a gate to the universe.”
- Pg 137

 “To lie is a sin, “ Brother Andé had taught him simply, “but it is not a sin against God so much as a sin against yourself.”
-  Pg 139

Even some of the old farmers wanted to learn when they saw how the younger ones profited by it, and Fengmo lost no chance to make it widely known when a young farmer gained by his ability to read a bill or check an account. Other villages asked for schools,
- Pg 140

As they reached the village Madame Wu was amazed at the changes she saw. It was clean and prosperous as it had never been. The children were clean and their hair brushed.
- Pg 143

 “I shall never leave our gates except to visit my mother.”
- Pg 145

 “No one in our country who has learning ought to keep it for himself,” Fengmo insisted.
- Pg 145

 “The soul of every creature must take its own shape, and no one can compel another without hurting himself.”
- Pg 148